WASHINGTON - Amid a surging wave of repression  by the Castro dictatorship, Cuba's prisoners of conscience increasingly are  resorting to "acts of desperation" - including hunger strikes, suicide attempts,  and self-mutilation - in a cry for international recognition and solidarity, and  to advance the cause of the island's liberation.
According to leaders of the  Cuban pro-democracy movement in Havana, Miami, and Washington, the months since  July have witnessed a dramatic increase in reports of such acts emerging from  Castro's gulag. The prisoners' behavior, activists said, is a response both to  increased crackdowns outside the prisons and new levels of abuse inside, and to  the perceived indifference of the international community, particularly  Europe.
"The prisoners are pleading to the world to pay attention as they  work for liberty," one of Cuba's leading prodemocracy activists, Martha Beatriz  Roque Cabello, told The New York Sun in Spanish earlier this week in a telephone  interview from Havana.
Those pleas are taking increasingly gruesome  forms.
Late last month, a lawyer and independent journalist locked away for  more than two years in the Kilo 7 prison in Camaguey, Mario Enrique Mayo,  demanded freedom from his jailers by taking a knife to his face and body. Mr.  Mayo was one of 75 dissidents rounded up by the Castro regime during the  infamous primavera negra, or "black spring," of March 2003. According to an  account in El Nuevo Herald, Mr. Mayo has been one of the most vocal of the  dissidents jailed in that crackdown, and, prior to his acts of self-mutilation  last month, twice attempted suicide in jail by trying to strangle himself with a  plastic cord.
Among his many incisions, Mr. Mayo carved the letters "I" and  "L" into his forehead, proclaiming that he was "inocente," or "innocent," and  demanding "libertad," or "liberty." According to the Herald report, one of Mr.  Mayo's cuts became badly infected. He remains in Mr. Castro's dungeons,  condemned to a 20-year sentence.
In another act of self-mutilation, a  prisoner of conscience in the Canaleta prison in Cuba's Ciego de Avila province,  Manuel Fiallo, cut himself to protest prisoners' lack of medical care, according  to a Cuban prison diary published in recent days on a Miami-based Cuban  pro-democracy site, Payolibre.com.
The diary, signed by another Canaleta  prisoner jailed in November 2004, Hugo Damian Prieto Blanco, was written and  illustrated between December 2004 and September. In one of September's entries,  Mr. Prieto recounts and depicts how Mr. Fiallo slashed his veins in protest and  was subsequently thrown into a punishment cell by prison guards and left to  bleed to death as his screams went ignored by prison authorities.
The leader  of Cuba's Damas de blanco movement, Laura Pollan Toledo, told the Sun that other  recent examples of those who carried out self-mutilation included Juan Carlos  Herrera and Prospero Gainza Aguero, two of the 75 primavera negra dissidents.  Mr. Herrera, Ms. Pollan said, has beaten himself repeatedly in prison to protest  the horrible conditions suffered by detainees. Mr. Gainza, she said, sewed his  mouth closed in an act of protest, rendering himself unable to speak or  eat.
Ms. Pollan's organization, known in America as the "Ladies in White,"  has brought together the wives, mothers, sisters, and daughters of the prisoners  jailed in the 2003 crackdown for regular demonstrations to demand their release.  The Damas de blanco, along with the international free speech organization  Reporters Without Borders, won this year's Andrei Sakharov Prize for Freedom of  Thought, awarded by the European Parliament, for their efforts to combat Mr.  Castro's tyranny.
Ms. Pollan and the Washington representative for Reporters  Without Borders, Lucie Morillon, said Cuba has also seen a proliferation in  recent months of hunger strikes among prisoners, particularly independent  journalists. Concern was mounting yesterday over the fate of one hunger-striking  journalist, Jorge Luis Garcia Perez, also known as "Atunez," as his sister,  Berta Atunez, reported that her brother, who has gone without food for about 20  days, had disappeared from the prison where he had been kept and could not be  located.
The hunger strikes, suicide attempts, and self-mutilation, observers  said, were signs that the conditions both on the island and in its prisons were  worsening; that Mr. Castro had grown increasingly repressive as a result of both  surging domestic discontent and his backing from Venezuela's president, Hugo  Chavez; and that recent international appeasement of Mr. Castro had signaled to  Cuba's dissidents that they would need to intensify their cries for them to be  heard by deaf international ears.
Ms. Roque told the Sun that the changes in  prisoner behavior began around the time of Mr. Castro's annual address to the  nation on the anniversary of his Communist revolution, July 26. In preceding  weeks, Mr. Castro had orchestrated the largest crackdown since the March 2003  roundup, arresting more than 30 democracy activists on July 22, many of whom  still remain in prison.
The roundup came on the heels of the island's largest  pro-democracy gathering under the Castro dictatorship, a May 20 gathering of the  Assembly to Promote Civil Society in Cuba, of which Ms. Roque was one of the  principal organizers. That meeting, along with July protests outside the French  embassy, marked an increase in open opposition to Mr. Castro's stranglehold on  power, and Ms. Roque said it was fear and a recognition of his loosening grip  that had provoked Mr. Castro's crackdowns.
Ms. Morillon said the Castro  regime has arrested at least one independent journalist a month over the last  six months, with a total of 25 journalists now languishing in the dictator's  gulag. That figure, according to Reporters Without Borders, makes Cuba "the  second biggest prison for journalists in the world," Ms. Morillon said.  Communist China is the first, with 31 jailed journalists.
Cuba's population  is 11 million. Communist China's is 1.3 billion.
These abuses, Ms. Roque  said, "Are simply because the government knows it is in an untenable situation,"  adding that the Castro regime saw itself as suffering from a "terminal illness."  The crackdowns on dissidents, Ms. Roque said, had been matched by an increase in  brutality inside the prisons to which they are condemned.
Ms. Pollan, reached  by telephone at her home in Havana, said prisoners' acts of desperation were  also driven by horrifying conditions inside the jails.
Owing to the large  number of prisoners of conscience - which Ms. Pollan said numbered over 1,000 -  space in Cuban jails is cramped. The Cuban population in general, she said, has  been suffering from inadequate nutrition, stemming from a recent scarcity of  fruit and vegetables. Prisoners, she said, bear the worst of the shortages, and  are growing ill as a result.
Fruits and vegetables are an important source of  Vitamin A, and Ms. Pollan said Vitamin A deficiency among Cuban prisoners is  causing blindness and other eyesight problems. Water for drinking and bathing,  too, is scarce in the jails. A lack of medical attention for ill prisoners is  also presenting an urgent problem, which Ms. Morillon noted was ironic in a  country that touts its "universal health care."
According to Ms. Morillon,  the situation in the jails is particularly harsh for journalists and other  prisoners of conscience. The Castro regime, she said, detains prisoners of  conscience among "regular thugs, who are usually asked by prison authorities to  harass the journalists."
Beyond protesting worsening conditions inside the  dungeons, Ms. Pollan said the hunger strikes and similar behavior were also acts  of defiance against the regime, with prisoners showing their contempt for their  jailers using the only methods available to them.
That method of resistance  against Communist brutality has a long history. Americans are likely most  familiar with the case of Vietnam war hero James Stockdale. Admiral Stockdale's  Medal of Honor citation recounts that he resisted his communist captors in Hanoi  by mutilating his face by beating it with a wooden stool, undertaking  "self-disfiguration to dissuade his captors from exploiting him for propaganda  purposes." Stockdale, according to the citation, inflicted "a near-mortal wound  to his person in order to convince his captors of his willingness to give up his  life rather than capitulate," which spared his fellow prisoners further  torture.
According to Ms. Pollan and Cuban-American leaders in Congress, the  Cuban prisoners' self-mutilation represents similarly courageous acts of  resistance against their Communist captors.
Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, a  Republican of Florida, said the prisoners' recent actions "show their  willingness to sacrifice their own lives for the greater cause of freedom and  democracy for their nation and their people."
"Cuba's internal opposition,"  the congresswoman added, "is fully aware that they were born free and that no  one is entitled to deny them their inalienable human rights. This is why I  believe that the psychological transition from an enslaved people to a free  people has begun."
Rep. Lincoln Diaz-Balart, a Republican of Florida, praised  the prisoners, adding that their acts were "a sign of desperation, a cry for  solidarity, and for recognition of the reality" of the Cuban gulag.
Moreover,  Mr. Diaz-Balart said, the prisoners' acts were "a denunciation of the  indifference, which really becomes complicity." The willful ignorance of Cuba's  suffering under the Castro regime by the press and the international community,  and their romanticizing of the dictator, amounted to abetting the Castro  dictatorship, the congressman said.
Mr. Diaz-Balart cited Europe in  particular, saying the continent's appeasement of Mr. Castro and their rejection  of dissidents in recent months had fueled a sense of desperation among Cuba's  prisoners.
In June, the European Union decided to extend its policy of not  inviting Cuban dissidents to official national day celebrations at EU countries'  embassies in Havana, as the inclusion of dissidents had greatly irked the  dictator. The July crackdowns by the Castro regime were responses to dissidents'  protests outside the French embassy, after the country unilaterally normalized  relations with Mr. Castro's regime, and after Mr. Castro's foreign minister,  Felipe Perez Roque, was invited to the embassy's July 14 Bastille Day  celebration, from which the Cuban opposition was excluded. And Cuba resolutions  adopted at the Ibero-American summit in Spain in October were generally seen as  a blow to the Cuban opposition and accommodating of Mr. Castro.
Activists  yesterday said yesterday that the desperation of the Cuban prisoners' pleas made  it all the more important that such indifference end immediately.
Ms.  Morillon called on the EU to step up its demands for the release of jailed  journalists, saying it was up to the outside world to show solidarity with the  hunger strikers. "We should not let them down," Ms. Morillon said. If there is  outside criticism of and pressure on the Castro regime, she said, the prisoners  "will know that there is some interest - they will see that what they went to  prison for is not in vain."
Ms. Pollan, too, said it was incumbent on the  international community to respond to the prisoners' cries for support with  expressions of solidarity. She encouraged concerned parties around the world to  write letters to the Castro regime demanding the dissidents' release, and urged  world leaders to use their speeches and other public appearances to denounce Mr.  Castro's tyranny and demand the liberation of his captives.
"They need to  know that the world is clamoring for their freedom," she said.
A message left  at the Cuban U.N. mission in New York seeking comment on the prisoners' plights  went unreturned.