Cuba's latest revolutionary trend: Fine dining
BY TIM JOHNSON TJOHNSON@MCCLATCHYDC.COM
01/29/2015 4:27 PM 01/29/2015 5:40 PM
HAVANA
Private restaurants in Havana are exploding in number and soaring in
quality, providing a treat for visitors and a surprising bright spot in
a nation better known for monotonous food and spotty service.
Havana now boasts nearly 2,000 private restaurants offering a range of
cuisine from traditional Cuban to Russian, Spanish, Vietnamese and other
ethnicities. From caviar to lobster bisque and on to pizza, everything
seems to be available.
Usually set in private homes, some of the restaurants offer Old World
charm with starched white tablecloths and real silverware. Heirlooms
fill shelves. Other restaurants hunker in basements or peer from walk-up
seafront buildings, sometimes with funky or retro décor.
"Gastronomy is on the rise in our country," said Jorge Luis Trejo, son
of the proprietors of La Moraleja, a restaurant in Havana's Vedado
district with wild rabbit flambé and chicken confit on the menu.
His family's restaurant opened in January 2012. Donning the chef's apron
is a cook who once worked in France, the Netherlands, Greece and
England, Trejo said.
"We try to make traditionally Cuban dishes with fusion sauces to
entertain our clients," he said.
At the end of each meal, waitresses carry a humidor to diners and offer
them a choice of complimentary hand-rolled cigars.
Private restaurants first arose in Cuba in 1993 amid the collapse of the
Soviet Union, Cuba's longtime patron, only to be reined in as
authorities worried that small eateries were relying on pilfered
supplies and surpassing the legal limit of 12 chairs, essentially three
tables.
The restaurants were known as paladares, a Spanish and Portuguese word
that means palates, a moniker taken from the establishment of a food
vendor in a popular Brazilian soap opera.
For periods in the 1990s, small restaurants could offer neither seafood
nor beef, which were needed for the official tourist industry. Owners
were ordered to buy at retail prices in official stores. Most employees
had to be family members.
Those rules drove most restaurants out of business, choking them with a
web of taxes and arbitrary enforcement that underscored how wary Cuba's
communist officials were of private enterprise.
By 2010, state media reported that as few as 74 private restaurants were
operating in Havana.
Then things began to change. Fidel Castro's brother, Raúl, who'd taken
control of the government, ordered more flexible rules for restaurants
at the end of 2011, raising the limit on chairs to 50 and issuing new
licenses. There are still rules to be skirted, and supplies can be hard
to come by, but a rebirth is taking place.
"There's undeniably a boom, a significant increase in both the numbers
of people who have licenses in the food service area and the emergence
of a haute cuisine, or as they say in Cuba, cocina de autor," or
creative nouvelle cuisine, said Ted Henken, a Cuba expert at Baruch
College in New York who's written about the phenomenon.
Today, Havana is dotted with private restaurants with elaborate menus,
identifiable only by single small signs on the outsides of buildings.
In Cuba's moribund economy, bad service is the norm in most offices,
hotels and state-run businesses, but not in the private restaurants,
which often have the cozy feeling of private dining since they occupy
what once were people's homes.
"You feel like, 'Oh, I'm in someone's old living room, and sipping a
mojito,'" Henken said.
It's a feeling that more Americans may experience. On Dec. 17, President
Barack Obama and Raúl Castro announced the re-establishment of
diplomatic relations, broken in 1961. Obama also said he'd further relax
restrictions on U.S. citizens' travel to Cuba without lifting the
long-standing trade embargo, which only Congress can do.
The easing of U.S. rules will include permitting U.S. banks to accept
credit card transactions conducted in Cuba. Many Cuban restaurateurs
await a growing flow of American visitors.
At Paladar Los Mercaderes, which sits on a bustling pedestrian street in
renovated Old Havana, handsome waiters in crisp black uniforms buttoned
to the neck take orders in a multitude of languages. Modern Cuban art
adorns the walls. Musicians croon Cuban ballads as breezes waft through
the high-ceilinged rooms.
Among the entrees, one could pick from smoked pork loin in plum sauce
($15.75), filet mignon in mushroom sauce ($18), shrimp risotto ($17) or
a grilled seafood platter with lobster tail (variable price), among
other dishes.
"We built a restaurant like one we'd like to go to," said Yamil Alvarez,
one of three owners of the business, which opened in December 2012. "We
bet on hiring young people who are well educated but without any
experience."
"We've got boats fishing for us, so we always have fresh fish. We've got
a contract with a farm for fresh produce," said Alvarez, an engineer who
was once a guide at a cigar factory.
While Alvarez aims for a bit of glam, or what he labels a "unique
experience," other restaurants shoot for different diners, mostly
foreign but also some Cubans with access to hard currency.
El Litoral, a trendy spot on the seaside boulevard in Vedado, is filled
nightly with diplomats, artists, well-heeled tourists and a smattering
of Cubans.
Opened a year ago, the restaurant offers a high-end menu that includes a
soupçon of molecular cooking (foams), puff pastry entrees, a roasted
seafood platter, and a kebab of shrimp and bacon in the fresh split-pea
soup, among other offerings.
A different clientele comes to Nazdarovie, mainly those with connections
to the former Soviet bloc but also those drawn by Soviet kitsch. The
name is a toast to one's health.
"This restaurant is inspired by the memories and nostalgia felt by the
thousands of Cubans who spent many years of their youth studying in the
USSR," the menu notes.
A bust of Lenin peers out from the bar. Copies of Sputnik, a magazine,
and matryoshka dolls fill shelves. In a decidedly modern touch, big red
art deco lamps shine above deep black tables. A terrace looks out on the
sea.
The food, far from bland, includes borscht, stroganoffs, chicken tabaca
and the shashlik kebabs popular in Eastern Europe.
"The chef is Cuban but he studied at the Cordon Bleu school in Miami,"
said Yansel Sergienko, a 22-year-old bartender sporting a visorless
Soviet naval cap.
There still is a Wild West feel to Havana's private dining scene.
Many restaurateurs must skirt the rules to keep their larders filled,
employing "mules" who travel to Mexico, Spain and Florida to bring back
supplies and more exotic ingredients. Until the Castro government gets
out of the way of the growth and clarifies regulations, the Havana
restaurant scene won't truly take off, experts say.
"You have to be partly a wily rule bender" to keep restaurants in
business, Henken said, "and that needs to be solved before Havana
becomes a tourist draw for people on the culinary circuit. . . . Now
it's more of a curiosity than an eater's paradise."
Follow Tim Johnson on Twitter: @timjohnson4.
Source: Cuba's latest revolutionary trend: Fine dining | The Miami
Herald The Miami Herald -
http://www.miamiherald.com/living/travel/caribbean-travel/article8579045.html
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