U.S. welfare flows to Cuba

U.S. welfare flows to Cuba
"They're taking benefits from the American taxpayer to subsidize their
life in another country."
By Sally Kestin, Megan O'Matz and John Maines with Tracey Eaton in Cuba

Cuban immigrants are cashing in on U.S. welfare and returning to the
island, making a mockery of the decades-old premise that they are
refugees fleeing persecution at home.

Some stay for months at a time — and the U.S. government keeps paying.

Cubans' unique access to food stamps, disability money and other welfare
is meant to help them build new lives in America. Yet these days, it's
helping some finance their lives on the communist island.

America's open-ended generosity has grown into an entitlement that
exceeds $680 million a year and is exploited with ease. No agency tracks
the scope of the abuse, but a Sun Sentinel investigation found evidence
suggesting it is widespread.

Fed-up Floridians are reporting their neighbors and relatives for
accepting government aid while shuttling back and forth to the island,
selling goods in Cuba, and leaving their benefit cards in the U.S. for
others to use while they are away.

Some don't come back at all. The U.S. has continued to deposit welfare
checks for as long as two years after the recipients moved back to Cuba
for good, federal officials confirmed.

Regulations prohibit welfare recipients from collecting or using U.S.
benefits in another country. But on the streets of Hialeah, the first
stop for many new arrivals, shopkeepers like Miguel Veloso hear about it
all the time.

Veloso, a barber who has been in the U.S. three years, said recent
immigrants on welfare talk of spending considerable time in Cuba — six
months there, two months here. "You come and go before benefits expire,"
he said.


State Rep. Manny Diaz Jr. of Hialeah says it's a "slap in the face" to
Americans for Cubans to collect aid as refugees then return to the island.

State Rep. Manny Diaz Jr. of Hialeah hears it too, from constituents in
his heavily Cuban-American district, who tell of flaunting their aid
money on visits to the island. The money, he said, "is definitely not to
be used … to go have a great old time back in the country that was
supposed to be oppressing you."

The sense of entitlement is so ingrained that Cubans routinely
complained to their local congressman about the challenge of accessing
U.S. aid — from Cuba.

"A family member would come into our office and say another family
member isn't receiving his benefits," said Javier Correoso, aide to
former Miami Rep. David Rivera. "We'd say, 'Where is he?' They'd say,
'He's in Cuba and isn't coming back for six months.'"

"They're taking benefits from the American taxpayer to subsidize their
life in another country.'"

One woman told Miami immigration attorney Grisel Ybarra that her
grandmother and two great aunts came to Florida, got approved for
benefits, opened bank accounts and returned to Cuba. Month after month,
the woman cashed their government checks — about $2,400 each time —
sending half to the women in Cuba and keeping the rest.

When a welfare agency questioned the elderly ladies' whereabouts this
summer, the woman turned to Ybarra, a Cuban American. She told Ybarra
her grandmother refused to come back, saying: "With the money you sent
me, I bought a home and am really happy in Cuba."

Cubans on the island, Ybarra said, have a name for U.S. aid.

They call it "la ayuda." The help.

Special status abused

Increasing openness and travel between the two countries have made the
welfare entitlement harder to justify and easier to abuse. But few
charges have been brought, and Congress and the Obama Administration
have failed to address the problem even as the United States moves
toward détente with Cuba.

Cubans' extraordinary access to U.S. welfare rests on two pillars of
special treatment: the ease with which they are admitted to the country,
and America's generosity in granting them public support.

Cubans are allowed into the U.S. even if they arrive without permission
and are quickly granted permanent residency under the 1966 Cuban
Adjustment Act. They're assumed to be refugees without having to prove
persecution.

They're immediately eligible for welfare, food stamps, Medicaid and
Supplemental Security Income or SSI, cash assistance for impoverished
seniors and disabled younger people.

Most other immigrants are barred from collecting aid for their first
five years. Those here illegally are not eligible at all.

The Sun Sentinel analyzed state and federal data to determine the annual
cost of taxpayer support for Cuban immigrants: at least $680 million. In
Florida alone, costs for welfare, food stamps and refugee cash have
increased 23 percent since 2011, the last year data was available.

Not all Cubans receive government help. Those arriving on visas are
ineligible, and some rely on family support. And many who receive aid do
so for just a short time until they settle in, as the U.S. intended.
Cubans over time have become one of the most successful immigrant groups
in America.

"They come to the U.S. to work and make a living for their family," said
Jose Alvarez, a Cuba native and city commissioner in Kissimmee. "I don't
believe that they come thinking the government will support them."

But some take advantage of the easy money — and then go back and forth
to Cuba.

A public housing tenant in Hialeah, who was receiving food stamps and
SSI payments for a disabled son, frequently traveled to Cuba to sell
food there, records show. She admitted to a city housing investigator in
2012 that she "makes $700 in two months just in the sales to Cuba."

Another man receiving food stamps admitted to state officials "that he
was living in Cuba much of 2015."

A recent arrival with a chronic illness got Medicaid coverage and turned
to attorney David Batchelder of Miami to help him get SSI as well. But
the man was "going back and forth to Cuba" so much that Batchelder
eventually dropped the case. "It was just another benefit he was
applying for."

Concerns about Cubans exploiting the aid are especially troubling to
exiles who came to this country decades ago and built new lives and
careers here.

Dr. Noel Fernandez recalls the assistance his family received from
friends and the U.S. government when they immigrated 20 years ago, help
that enabled him to find work as a landscaper, learn English and
complete his medical studies. Now medical director of Citrus Health
Network in Hialeah, Fernandez sees Cuban immigrants collecting benefits
and going back, including three elderly patients who recently left the
U.S. for good.

"They got Medicaid, they got everything, and they returned to Cuba," he
said. "I see people that said they were refugees [from] Cuba and they
return the next year."

State officials have received complaints about Cubans collecting aid
while repeatedly going to Cuba or working as mules ferrying cash and
goods, a common way of financing travel to the island.

Another way of paying for the trips: cheating. Like other welfare
recipients, some Cubans work under the table or put assets in others'
names to appear poor enough to meet the programs' income limits,
according to records and interviews. Some married couples qualify for
more money as single people by concealing marriages performed in Cuba,
where the U.S. can't access records.

"Stop the fraud please!" one person urged in a complaint to the state.
Another pleaded with authorities to check airport departure records for
a woman suspected of hiding income. "It would show how many times she
has traveled to Cuba."

Florida officials typically dismissed the complaints for lack of
information, because names didn't match their records or because the
allegations didn't involve violations of eligibility rules. Travel
abroad is not expressly prohibited, but benefits are supposed to be used
for basic necessities within the U.S.

"Our congressional folks should be looking at this," said Miami-Dade
County Commissioner Esteban Bovo Jr., a Cuban American. "There could be
millions and millions of dollars in fraud going on here."

Money to Cuba

Accessing benefits from Cuba typically requires a U.S. bank account and
a willing relative or friend stateside. Food stamps and welfare are
issued monthly through a debit-type card, and SSI payments are deposited
into a bank account or onto a MasterCard.

A joint account holder with a PIN number can withdraw the money and wire
it to Cuba. Another option: entrust the money to a friend traveling to Cuba.

Roberto Pizano of Tampa, a political prisoner in Cuba for 18 years, said
he worked two jobs when he arrived in the U.S. in 1979 and never
accepted government help. He now sees immigrants "abusing the system."

"I know people who come to the U.S., apply for SSI and never worked in
the USA," he said. They "move back to Cuba and are living off of the
hard-earned taxpayer dollars."

He said family friend Gilberto Reyno got disability money from the U.S.
and renovated a house in Cuba. The Sun Sentinel found Reyno living in
that house in Camaguey, Cuba. He said he was no longer receiving
disability, but Pizano and another person familiar with the situation
said the payments continue to be deposited into a U.S. bank account. The
Social Security Administration would not comment, citing privacy
concerns, but is investigating.

Federal investigators have found the same scenario in other cases.

A 2012 complaint alleged a 75-year-old woman had moved to Camaguey two
years earlier and a relative was withdrawing her SSI money from a bank
account and sending it to her. Social Security stopped payments, but not
before nearly $16,000 had been deposited into her account.

Another recipient went to Cuba on vacation and stayed, leaving his debit
card with a relative. Social Security continued his SSI payments for
another six months — $4,000 total — before an anonymous caller reported
he had gone back to Cuba.

One woman reportedly moved to Cuba in 2010 and died three years later,
while still receiving SSI and food stamps, according to a 2014 tip to
Florida welfare fraud investigators. A state official couldn't find her
at her Hialeah home, cut off the food stamps and alerted the federal
government.

Former congressman Rivera tried to curb abuses with a bill that would
have revoked the legal status of Cubans who returned to the island
before they became citizens.

"Public assistance is meant to help Cuban refugees settle in the U.S.,"
Mauricio Claver-Carone of Cuba Democracy Advocates testified in a 2012
hearing on the bill. "However, many non-refugee Cubans currently use
these benefits, which can average more than $1,000 per month, to
immediately travel back to the island, where the average income is $20
per month, and comfortably reside there for months at a time on the
taxpayer's dime."

Rivera recently told the Sun Sentinel that he interviewed welfare
workers, Cubans in Miami and passengers waiting for charter flights to
Havana. He said he found overwhelming evidence of benefits money going
back, especially after the U.S. eased travel restrictions in 2009.

The back and forth undermines the rationale that Cubans are refugees
fleeing an oppressive government, Rivera said. And when they return for
visits, they boast of the money that's available in the U.S., he said.
"They all say, 'It's great. I got free housing. I got free food. I get
my medicine.' "

Five Cubans interviewed by the Sun Sentinel in Havana said they were
aware of the assistance and knew of Cubans who had gone to America and
quickly began sending money back. Two said they believed it was U.S.
government aid.

"I don't think it's correct, but everyone does it for the well-being of
their family," said one woman, Susana, who declined to give her last name.

Outside welfare offices in Hialeah, the Sun Sentinel found Cuban
immigrants who had arrived as recently as three days earlier, applying
for benefits. They said family and friends told them about the aid
before they left Cuba.

"Back in the '60s, when you came in, they told you the factory that was
hiring," said Nidia Diaz of Miami, a former bail bondswoman who was born
in Cuba. "Now, they tell you the closest Department of Children and
Families [office] so you can go and apply."

Crooks collect in Cuba

Miami bail bondswoman Barbara Pozo said many of her Cuban clients talk
openly about living in Cuba and collecting monthly disability checks,
courtesy of U.S. taxpayers.

"They just come here to pick up the money," Pozo said. "They pretend
they're disabled. They just pretend they're crazy."

SSI payments, for those who cannot work due to mental or physical
disabilities, go up to $733 a month for an individual. Most other new
immigrants are ineligible until they become U.S. citizens.

Some Cubans try to build a case for SSI by claiming trauma from their
life under an oppressive government or the 90-mile crossing to Florida.

Diaz, the former bondswoman, said she has heard Cuban clients talk about
qualifying: "'Tell them that you have emotional problems. How did you
get these problems? Well, trying to get here from Cuba.'"

Antonio Comin collected disability while organizing missions to smuggle
Cubans to Florida, including one launched from a house in the Keys,
federal prosecutors said. Comin claimed he rented the home to celebrate
his birthday — after receiving his government check.

Casimiro Martinez was receiving a monthly check for a mental disability
— but his mind was sound enough to launder more than $1 million stolen
from Medicare. Martinez was arrested at Miami International Airport
after returning from a trip to Cuba.

Government disability programs are vulnerable to fraud, particularly
SSI, with applicants faking or exaggerating symptoms. Some view SSI as
"money waiting to be taken," said John Webb, a federal prosecutor in
Tennessee who has handled fraud cases.

While benefits are supposed to be suspended for recipients who leave the
United States for more than 30 days, the government relies on people to
self-report those absences, and federal audits have found widespread
violations.

The government could significantly reduce abuses by matching
international travel records to SSI payments, auditors have recommended
since 2003. The Social Security Administration and Department of
Homeland Security are still trying to work out a data sharing agreement
— 12 years later.

Jose Caragol, a Hialeah city councilman and Havana native, said aid for
Cubans "was meant to assist those who were persecuted and want a new
life. The bleeding has to stop."

El Sentinel staff writer Aurelio Moreno and photojournalist Taimy
Alvarez contributed to this report.

Design and development by Yiran Zhu.

To reach reporter Sally Kestin, email skestin@tribpub.com or call
954-356-4510.

To reach reporter Megan O'Matz, email momatz@tribpub.com or call
954-356-4518.

Source: U.S. welfare flows to Cuba - Sun Sentinel -
http://www.sun-sentinel.com/us-cuba-welfare-benefits/sfl-us-cuba-welfare-benefits-part-1-htmlstory.html