US oil spill plan prepares for Cuba
By JENNIFER KAY
Associated Press
MIAMI -- If a future oil spill in the Caribbean Sea threatens American
shores, a new federal plan obtained by The Associated Press would hinge
on cooperation from neighboring foreign governments. Now that Cuba is
the neighbor drilling for oil, cooperation is hard to guarantee.
The International Offshore Response Plan draws on lessons from the
Deepwater Horizon disaster in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 and was created
to stop offshore oil spills as close to their source as possible, even
in foreign waters. The plan dated Jan. 30 has not been released
publicly. The AP obtained a copy through a Freedom of Information Act
request.
After crude oil stained Gulf Coast beaches, state and federal officials
are eager to head off even the perception of oil spreading toward the
coral reefs, beaches and fishing that generate tens of billions of
tourist dollars for Florida alone.
The plan comes as Spanish oil company Repsol YPF conducts exploratory
drilling in Cuban waters and the Bahamas considers similar development
for next year. Complicating any oil spill response in the Florida
Straits, though, is the half-century of tension between the U.S. and its
communist neighbor 90 miles south of Florida.
Under the plan dated Jan. 30, the Coast Guard's Miami-based 7th District
would take the lead in responding to a spill affecting U.S. waters,
which includes Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Puerto Rico and the
U.S. Virgin Islands. The district's operations cover 15,000 miles of
coastline and share borders with 34 foreign countries and territories.
Repsol's operations in Cuban waters are not subject to U.S. authority,
but the company allowed U.S. officials to inspect its rig and review its
own oil spill response plan.
"We've demonstrated already and we continue to demonstrate that we're a
safe, responsible operator doing all in its power to carry out a
transparent and safe operation," Respol spokesman Kristian Rix said
Thursday.
Rix declined to elaborate on the company's response plans, but he did
say two minor recommendations made by U.S. officials inspecting the rig
were immediately put in place.
If an oil spill began in Cuban waters, Cuba would be responsible for any
spill cleanup and efforts to prevent damage to the U.S., but the Coast
Guard would respond as close as possible.
Though a 50-year-old embargo bars most American companies from
conducting business with Cuba and limits communication between the two
governments, the Coast Guard and private response teams have licenses
from the U.S. government to work with Cuba and its partners if a
disaster arises.
The U.S. and Cuba have joined Mexico, the Bahamas and Jamaica since
November in multilateral discussions about how the countries would
notify each other about offshore drilling problems, said Capt. John
Slaughter, chief of planning, readiness, and response for the 7th District.
He said channels do exist for U.S. and Cuban officials to communicate
about spills, including the Caribbean Island Oil Pollution Response and
Cooperation Plan. That's a nonbinding agreement, though, so the Coast
Guard has begun training crews already monitoring the Cuban coastline
for drug and migrant smuggling to keep an eye out for problems on the
Repsol rig.
William Reilly, co-chairman of the national commission on the Deepwater
Horizon spill and head of the EPA during President George H.W. Bush,
said the Coast Guard generated goodwill in Cuba by notifying its
government of potential risks to the island during the 2010 spill.
It would be hard for the Cuban government to keep any spill secret if
Repsol and other private companies were responding, Slaughter said.
"Even if we assume the darkest of dark and that the Cuban government
wouldn't notify us, we'd hear through industry chatter and talk. If the
companies were notified, I'm quite confident we would get a phone call
before they fly out their assets," he said.
Funding for a U.S. response to a foreign spill would come from the Oil
Spill Liability Trust Fund managed by the Coast Guard. As of Feb. 29,
that fund contained $2.4 billion.
The plan covers many lessons learned from the 2010 spill, like
maintaining a roster of "vessels of opportunity" for hire and making
sure the ships that are skimming and burning oil offshore can store or
treat oily water for extended periods of time. Other tactics, like
laying boom, have been adapted for the strong Gulf Stream current
flowing through the Florida Straits.
What the plan doesn't cover is the research on how an oil spill might
behave in the straits, said Florida International University professor
John Proni, who's leading a group of university and federal researchers
studying U.S. readiness for oil spills.
Among the unknowns are the effect of dispersants on corals and
mangroves, how oil travels in the major currents, the toxicity of Cuban
and how to determine whether oil washing ashore in the U.S. came from Cuba.
"My view is that the Coast Guard has developed a good plan but it's
based on existing information," so it's incomplete, he said.
Former Amoco Oil Latin America president Jorge Pinon, now an oil expert
at the University of Texas, said the Coast Guard had a solid plan.
He cautioned against recent congressional legislation introduced by one
of South Florida's three Cuban-American representatives to curtail
drilling off Cuba by sanctioning those who help them do it. The bill is
sponsored by Republican U.S. Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen of Miami.
Instead, Pinon said the U.S. needs to formalize agreements with Cuba
about who would be in command if an oil well blew, because the U.S. has
more resources available.
"The issue is not to stop the spill from reaching Florida waters, the
issue is capping the well and shutting it down," Pinon said. "We can
play defense all we want, but we don't want to play defense, we want to
play offense, we want to cap the well."
Reilly said the U.S. still needs to issue permits for equipment in the
U.S. that would be needed if a Cuban well blew, Reilly said. For
example, if a blowout occurred, the company would have to get a capping
stack from Scotland, which could take up to a week.
"We know from Macondo that a great deal can happen in a week," Reilly
said. "I've been very concerned about getting the sanctions interpreted
in a way that permits us to exercise some common sense."
http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/03/22/v-fullstory/2708394/apnewsbreak-us-oil-spill-plan.html
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