2 December 2010 Last updated at 00:11 GMT
Analysis
Michael Voss BBC News, Havana
Cuba is entering a period of potential social upheaval.
Half a million workers are due to lose their jobs in the coming months
as the government attempts to overhaul the island's struggling state-run
economy.
President Raul Castro is also encouraging people to become self-employed
or set up small businesses to help take up the slack.
The government has publicly released a 32-page report listing in detail
the proposals, and this is intended to form the basis of the discussions.
These debates will not touch on the political shape of Cuba's one-party
state nor on replacing the centrally-controlled command economy with a
return to capitalism.
Cuba has launched a public debate on plans to transform its socialist
economy by reducing the role of the state and boosting private enterprise.
Ordinary Cubans are being encouraged to discuss the changes so their
views can be taken into account at a ruling communist party congress
next April.
The government says everyone should have a free say on the future of Cuba.
But it also insists that the "socialist character" of Cuba's political
system will not change.
Under the headline "It is the people who decide", the official Communist
Party newspaper Granma said everyone in Cuba should take part in the
economic debate
It urged people to discuss the changes through Communist Party
organisations, trade union meetings and community groups.
"Nobody should remain with an unexpressed opinion, much less be
prevented from expressing it," it said.
"At stake is the future of the Cuban nation."
However, Granma also stressed that the "socialist character" of Cuba's
political and social system was "irrevocable."
Economic problems
The three-month debating period is presented as the opportunity for the
public to participate in decisions to be taken at the ruling communist
party's sixth congress in April, the first to be held in 14 years.
President Raul Castro called the congress in November, saying it would
"concentrate on solving problems in the economy and updating the Cuban
economic model."
But many details of the economic changes have already been announced, so
it is not clear how much influence the public debate will really have.
In September, President Castro announced plans to lay off around up to a
million state employees - about a fifth of the workforce - and encourage
them to find work in the private sector.
Half of those posts are to go by the end of March, just weeks before the
planned congress.
Restrictions on private enterprise are being eased, with small
businesses allowed to employ staff, borrow money, and sell services to
government departments.
They will also have to pay tax.
Thousands of Cubans have already been given licences to set up private
businesses, and more are registering every week.
Since taking over from his brother Fidel in 2006, Raul Castro has taken
steps to reduce the state's almost total control of the economy, which
has has been gripped by a severe crisis in recent years.
It has suffered from a fall in the price for its main export, nickel, as
well as a decline in tourism.
Growth has also been hampered by the 48-year US trade embargo.
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